Spain

SPAIN

Links: ~ Spain - General Information ~ Spanish History ~ Spanish Explorers ~ Spanish Mapping ~Spanish Main ~

Spanish Treasure Fleet ~ Manila Galleons ~ Pirates ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ (Acapulco MX ~ Cadiz Spain ~

Canary Islands ~ Cartagena Colombia ~ Havana Cuba ~ Mobile AL ~ Manila Philippines ~ New Orleans LA ~ Panama ~

Pensacola FL ~ Seville Spain ~ St. Augustine FL ~ Veracruz MX) ~ Spanish History in the Americas ~

Conquistadors & Horses ~ Spain & the American Revolutionary War ~ Spanish American War ~

Spanish Language ~ World Catholic Population ~ Spanish Money ~ Spanish Highways ~

~ SPAIN ~ STATE OF NEW MEXICO ~ 4 CORNERS SW USA ~

SPAIN - GENERAL INFORMATION

Welcome to “Si, Spain” – Information on Current Affairs,

Historical, Linguistic & Cultural Development -

http://www.sispain.org/

Spain, General Information – MAP - CIA Gov Site

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sp.html

Journey through Spain – Links – Photos – Text – Cyber Spain Site -

http://www.cyberspain.com/index.html

Traveling in Spain - Culture & History – Site of Links –

Traveling in Spain Site -

http://travelinginspain.com/culture.html

Tourism in Spain – Photos – Links -

http://www.spain.info/Tourspain/?language=en

The Prado Museum in Madrid – Text – Photos – Go Madrid Site -

http://www.gomadrid.com/museums/prado-museum.html

The Prado Museum – Text – Photos – Links – Wikipedia Site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_del_Prado

Masterpieces of The Prado Museum – You Tube Site –

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1EOJr11bvo

Cordoba - Photos – Text – Links – Traveling in Spain site -

http://www.travelinginspain.com/cordoba.html

~ SPAIN-GENERAL INFORMATION ~ SPAIN ~

SPANISH HISTORY

A Short History of Spain by Manuel Fernandez Alvarez – Conquistador Site -

http://www.conquistador.com/spanhistory.html

History of Spain – Text – MAPS – Images – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Spain

Spain History – Roman Period (210 BC – 476 AD) – Text – Spain-Madrid Site -

http://www.spain-madrid.com/general/history/b-roman-period.htm

Moorish Spain & the Islamic Golden Ages – Text – Photos - Links – (711-1492 AD)

Andalucia-Andalusia Site -

http://www.andalucia-andalusia.com/Moorish-Spain.html

“The Moors in Spain” – How we almost lost our scientific roots – by Henry Mulder –

8^th Century – Science and You Site -

http://www.scienceandyou.org/articles/ess_06.shtml

Spain 1492-1598 – Text – Links – Historical Text Archive Site –

http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=321

Spanish Empire – Many Links – 16^th & 17^th Centuries – Text – Photos - Wikipedia site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empire

Spain – Former Overseas & European Territories – Flag Spot Site –

http://flagspot.net/flags/es_colon.html#fo

~ SPANISH HISTORY ~ SPAIN ~

Spanish Explorers

Spanish Explorers – Chart – Mt. City Elementary TN Site -

http://www.mce.k12tn.net/explorers/explorers.htm

Spanish Explorers – Links – Elizabethan Era site -

http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/spanish-explorers.htm

Explorers of North America – Site of Links - Voyages – Conquistadores – MAPS -

Technische Universitet Eindoven Site –

http://www.win.tue.nl/cs/fm/engels/discovery/northam.html

Explorers before Lewis & Clark – Text – Charts – MAP - NPS Site –

http://www.nps.gov/jeff/LewisClark2/Circa1804/WestwardExpansion/EarlyExplorers/EarlyExplorers.htm

Portuguese & Spanish Methods of Exploration & Trade – Text by Rit Nostro – Hyper History Site –

http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/comp/cw25portugalspainexplortrade.htm

Spanish Exploration of the NW Coast of North America – Text – By John Robson -

http://pages.quicksilver.net.nz/jcr/~vspanish1.html

~ Spanish Explorers ~ SPAIN ~

Spanish Mapping

The Spanish Influence on Surveying & Mapping in the Americas – by Roy Minnick –

Text with Drawings – FIG PDF Site –

http://www.fig.net/pub/fig_2002/HS3/HS3_minnick.pdf

The world in your hands: recent cartographic acquisitions –New Spain Information – Text –

Images – Links - by Katherine R. Goodwin - U Texas, Arlington Libraries –

http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/Crose00/cartacq.htm

The 1562 Map of America of Diego Gutierrez – Text – Images – By Dr. John R. Herbert –

Library of Congress –

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/gutierrz.html

Spanish America – MAP – Based on Manuscript Charts of Juan Lopez de Velasco –

The Map House site -

http://www.themaphouse.com/archive/amercat/amer1592.html

~ Spanish Mapping ~ SPAIN ~

SPANISH MAIN

The Caribbean Coast in mainland Central America & the Northern Coast of South American

The Spanish Main – Text – MAP – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Main

The Spanish Main – Text – Pictures – MAP – Links – Blindkat Publishers Site -

http://blindkat.hegewisch.net/pirates/spmain.html

The Spanish Main – “Reefs, Wrecks & Rascals” Text – Pictures – MAP – Links – Mel Fisher –

Maritime Museum Site –

http://www.melfisher.org/reefswrecks/spanish.htm

Ships Exploration Discovery Research – Many Links – Link to Interactive MAP of Shipwrecks, More –

Ships of Discovery Site -

http://www.shipsofdiscovery.org/

Spanish Mariners 1492-1805 – Text – Links -Historical Text Archive Site –

http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=525

~ SPANISH MAIN ~ SPAIN ~

SPANISH TREASURE FLEET SYSTEM

Spanish Treasure Fleets – Text - Pirate Shipwrecks Site –

http://pirateshipwrecks.com/treasure_shipwrecks

Spanish Treasure Fleets – Text - Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_treasure_fleet

The Treasure Fleet – 1556-1790 – Text – Links – Bruce Ruiz Site –

http://www.bruce.ruiz.net/PanamaHistory/treasure_fleet.htm

The Galleon Routes - MAP – Text – Open Waters Site -

http://www.openwaters.biz/page/history/galleon_routes.html

The Spanish Galleons – Description of: Text - Links – Cindy Vallar Site –

http://www.cindyvallar.com/galleons.html

Ocean in Motion – Currents – Characteristics – MAP -

http://www.onr.navy.mil/Focus/ocean/motion/currents1.htm

The Atlantic Coastline: The Gulf Stream – Text – Coastal Guide Site –

http://www.coastalguide.com/bearings/gulfstream01.htm

The Gulf Stream – Text – by John Elliot Pillsbury – NOAA site -

http://www.history.noaa.gov/stories_tales/gulfstream2.html#top

Cape Hatteras – The Outer Banks – Photos – Text – Links – Outer Banks Chamber Site –

http://www.outerbankschamber.com/relocation/history/capehatteras.cfm

~ Spanish Treasure Fleet ~ SPAIN ~

MANILA GALLEONS

Spanish Trading Ships

The Manila Galleons sailed from Acapulco Mexico to the Philippines and also

circumnavigated the globe from 1565-1815 (250 years)

Philippines – History – Manila Galleons (1500’s-1800’s) – Spanish Colonization – Images – MAP –

Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines

The Longest Transoceanic Route – MAPS - Text & Photos – MexConnect Site -

http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/250-the-longest-transoceanic-route

Manila Galleons– Text – MAP – Images – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_galleon

“Porcelain & Cocoa: The Pacific Rim and the Early Modern World Economy” – Article with Images &

MAPS – UC Santa Cruz Site -

http://cwh.ucsc.edu/porcelainpaper.htm

Manila Galleon Spice Trade – History – Many Links – Images - Serving History Site -

http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Manila_galleon::sub::Spice_Trade

The West Indies & the Manila Galleons – MAPS – Charts – Presented at the International

Conference “The Galleon & the making of the Pacific” - 1^st Global Trade Route, longest in time,

linking 3 major continents & 2 oceans - Nov. 9 2009 - Asociación Cultural Galeón de Manila Site -

http://www.galeondemanila.org/images/stories/The_West_Indies__Manila_Galleons_Ruescas__Wrana_-_Revised_March_2010.pdf

Ocean in Motion – Currents – Characteristics – MAP -

http://www.onr.navy.mil/Focus/ocean/motion/currents1.htm

Guam’s Cocos Island – Text – MAP of Spanish Galleon Trade – Links –

http://ns.gu/cocos.html

Manton de Manila (Manila’s Shawl) – History of

http://www.flamenco-world.com/magazine/about/mantones/mantones.htm

~ Manila Galleons ~ SPAIN ~

PIRATES

Famous Pirates – Links –

http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/famous-pirates.htm

“Oh to be a Pirate”– Many Links - article by Cindy Vallar –

http://www.cindyvallar.com/bepirate.html

The Golden Age of Piracy – Article – Images – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Piracy

The Golden Age of Piracy – Article – Un Museum Site -

http://www.unmuseum.org/pirate.htm

~ Pirates ~ SPAIN ~

SPANISH PORT CITIES

Links: ~ Acapulco MX ~ Cadiz Spain ~ Canary Islands ~ Cartagena Colombia ~ Galveston TX ~

Havana Cuba ~ Mobile AL ~ Manila Philippines ~ New Orleans LA ~ Panama ~ Pensacola FL ~ Seville Spain ~

St. Augustine FL ~ Veracruz MX ~

~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Acapulco, Mexico

Acapulco Information – Links –

http://www.acapulco.com/en/index.html

Alcapulo – Article – Images – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acapulco

Acapulco MAP - All about Acapulo Site -

http://www.allaboutacapulco.com/areamap1.htm

Acapulco History –

http://www.acapulco.com/en/general/history.html

Ft. San Diego - Acapulco History & Attractions – Text – Photos - Fred Meulemeester Site –

http://www.fredsphoto.on.ca/aca-sights.htm

Acapulco History – Article – Mex on Line Site -

http://www.mexonline.com/acapulco/acapulco-history.htm

The Manila- Acapulco Galleon Trade – Article – All Empires Site -

http://www.allempires.net/nao-de-china--the-manila-acapulco-galleon-trade_topic7655.html

~ Acapulco MX ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Cadiz, Spain

Cadiz is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Europe & the Port for Spanish Galleons

Cadiz Spain – Text, Photos, Links – Andalucia Site –

http://www.andalucia.com/cities/cadiz.htm

Cadiz Spain – Article – Links – Photos – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1diz

Cadiz Spain History –

http://www.spainturismo.com/cadiz/history.html

~ Cadiz Spain ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Canary Islands

Canary Islands – Text – Links – MAP – Images – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_Islands

Plate Fleets – Canary Island History – Photos – Links – MAP – FL Heritage Site -

http://www.flheritage.com/archaeology/underwater/galleontrail/plateFleets.cfm

Tenerife Island – Galleons of the Spanish Crown passed through in Route to the West Indies –

Text – Links – MGAR Site -

http://www.mgar.net/tnf.htm

~ Canary Islands ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Cartagena, Colombia

A Guide to Cartagena – Information - Photos – Links -

http://www.cartagenainfo.net/

Cartagena Columbia – Text – Links – Photos – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartagena%2C_Colombia

Port of Cartagena – Text – Links – World Port Source -

http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/COL_Port_of_Cartagena_53.php

Colon to Cartagena – Text with Photos – Maritime Site -

http://www.maritime-images.net/sample_images/manuscript_images/chapter7/ChapterSeven.htm

~ Cartagena Colombia ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Havana Cuba

Established 1514

Havana Cuba – History - Text – Photos – MAPS – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana

Brief History of Cuba – Text – Cuba Site -

http://www.cubagob.cu/ingles/otras_info/historia.htm

A Notorious Place, Spanish Galleons – Pirates - Havana Cuba

http://blindkat.hegewisch.net/pirates/havana.html

Port of Havana History – Links - Text –

http://uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-49574-havana_history-i

Urban Food growing in Havana – Many Views of Cuba - You Tube Site –

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRz34Dee7XY

Old Havana Cuba – Photos by Gaylen Frysinger –

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/old_havana.htm

The Havanas: Past, Present & Future – History of the Cigar – Article by Nathaniel & Andrew Lande –

Smoke Magazine Site –

http://www.smokemag.com/0698/feature.htm

~ Havana Cuba ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Mobile Alabama

Port City established in 1702

Mobile Alabama Chamber of Commerce -

http://www.mobilechamber.com/

History of Mobile – Text - Links – MAPS – Photos – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mobile,_Alabama

Mobile Bay – History –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Bay

~ Mobile AL ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Manila Philippines

Manila Philippines – Official Site – Links -

http://www.manila.gov.ph/

Manila City Brief History –Text – MAP – Links – Philippines Travel Center Site –

http://www.philtravelcenter.com/philippines/travelinfo/manila-history.html

MAP of the Philippines – Manila Shown – History - World Atlas Site -

http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/ph.htm

History of the Philippines – Text – MAP – Photos – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines

Spanish in the Philippines – Text – Photos – Link to Spanish Colonial Period - Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines

Philippine Spanish Colonial Period – (1521-1821) Article -

http://www.philippines-travel-guide.com/spanish-colonial-period.html

~ Manila Philippines ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

New Orleans LA

French Royal Colony Established 1718 - After 1763 Spain ruled for 100 years

City of New Orleans LA – Official Site –

http://www.cityofno.com/

MAP of Louisiana – Louisiana State Site –

http://www.dotd.state.la.us/intermodal/wells/statemap.asp

New Orleans LA – Text – Photos – MAP – Links – Wikipedia Site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana

Local History in New Orleans – Article – New Orleans Hotels Site -

http://www.neworleanshotels.dealsonhotels.com/local-history

Port of New Orleans – Scroll to: Article with Links – World Port Source Site -

http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/USA_LA_Port_of_New_Orleans_254.php

The Spanish Domination – Chapter II - History by John Kendall

http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Louisiana/New_Orleans/_Texts/KENHNO/2*.html

~ New Orleans LA ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Panama

Republic of Panama – Text – Photos – MAPS – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama

Panama – Photos by Gaylen Frysinger –

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/panama.htm

Panama City, Panama – Pacific Coast – Text – History – Photos – Links –

Central America Site –

http://centralamerica.com/panama/pancity.htm

Panama City Photos by Gaylen Frysinger –

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/panama_city.htm

Portobello Panama – Port City on the Atlantic - History – MAP – Photos – Text - Escape Artist Site –

http://www.escapeartist.com/efam/62/Visiting_Portobello.html

Portobelo Panama - Photos by Gaylen Frysinger –

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/panama_portobelo.htm

Nombre de Dios, Panama - Port City on the Atlantic – Photos – Text

http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/pdamas05-historynd.htm

Panama’s Spanish Forts – Text – Links – Explore Panama Site –

http://www.explorepanama.com/interest/forts/forts.htm

Camino de Cruces History – Trail built across the Isthmus of Panama – Text – Photos – MAP –

Bruce Ruiz Site -

http://www.bruceruiz.net/PanamaHistory/el_camino_real.htm

Camino de Cruces National Park – MAP –

http://www.ecotourismpanama.com/national-parks/camino-cruces.htm

Mule Footing Points On The Spanish Colonial Camino De Cruces in Panama – by Brian Rudert – Western Mule Magazine -

http://www.westernmulemagazine.com/image/webimage/Mule%20Footing%20Panama.pdf

~ Panama ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Pensacola FL

First Spanish Settlement on the Gulf Coast

Pensacola FL Visitor Information –

http://www.visitpensacola.com/

Pensacola FL – Timeline – Spanish Discovery & Settlement -

http://www.nsg.navy.mil/sponsor/pensacola-history.asp

Pensacola FL – Text - Links – Photos – Wilkipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida

Pensacola FL Maritime Site – History - Text – Photos – Links –

First Spanish Settlement on the Gulf Coast - Brown Marine Site

http://brownmarine.com/pensacola-maritime.htm

Pensacola Road MAP – Gibbons Realty Site –

http://www.gibbons-realty.com/road_map.html

Franco-Spanish rivalry in southern North American began in 1564 –

Article with Images –

http://www.artifacts.org/francepage.htm

~ Pensacola FL ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Seville Spain

Seville Spain – Text – Links – Images – Wikipedia Site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville

Seville Spain 16^th & 17^th Centuries –

http://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/seville-16th-and-17th-centuries/default_63.aspx

Andalucia Galleon replica visits Shanghai for the World Expo– You Tube Site -

http://il.youtube.com/watch?v=smD_MewcoOY&feature=related

~ Seville Spain ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

St. Augustine Florida

Nations Oldest City 1565

The City of St. Augustine – Official Site -

http://www.ci.st-augustine.fl.us/

History of St. Augustine – Links – Text – Photos – MAPS - Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida

History of St. Augustine – Text – Pictures - SAMUG Site –

http://www.samug.org/web/history.html

Old City – History & Information – Links –

http://www.oldcity.cm/history-information.cfm

Florida State MAP – See St. Augustine, near Jacksonville Northern FL East Coast –

FL Marine Guide Site –

http://www.floridamarineguide.com/statemap.asp

St Augustine - The First Thanksgiving – 1565 –

http://staugustine.com/stories/111906/news_4221837.shtml

St. Augustine Celebrates 445 Years –

http://www.staugustinegovernment.com/staugustinesbirthday/index.cfm

~ St. Augustine FL ~ Spanish Port Cities ~ SPAIN ~

Veracruz Mexico Found in: MEXICO

SPANISH HISTORY in the AMERICAS

Myth & Reality, The Legacy of Spain in America by Jesus J. Chao – Text with

References – Institute of Hispanic Culture of Houston – Free Republic Site –

http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/808686/posts

Spanish History in the Americas – “Why learn this history stuff anyway? by Dick Shovel –

http://www.dickshovel.com/study.html

Spanish Colonization of the Americas – Wikipedia Site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas

Timeline – of NM History – Spanish Explorers – Spanish Settlements –

http://www.rootsweb.com/~nmbernal/time.htm

The New Laws of the Indies 1542 – Spain – by Henry Stevens – Fordham Univ. Site -

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1542newlawsindies.html

The Conquest of the Aztec Empire - Herman Cortes – Text – MAP – Links –

University of Calgary Site –

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/aztec.html

Inca Empire – Text – MAP – Links - Peru Explorer Site –

http://www.peru-explorer.com/history.htm

~ SPANISH HISTORY in the AMERICAS ~ SPAIN ~

Conquistadors & Horses

“The Horse of the Middle Ages Comes to Modern Times” – Text – Images – Spanish Jennet Site -

http://www.spanishjennet.org/history.shtml

Renaissance Armies: The Spainish – Article with Images by George Gush–

http://www.myarmoury.com/feature_armies_spanish.html

Conquistador – Text Links – Images – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquistador

Spanish Weapons & Armor – Images – Missouri State Site -

http://clio.missouristate.edu/chuchiak/hst%20350--theme%209--spanish_weapons__and_armor.htm

~ Conquistadors & Horses ~ SPAIN ~

SPAIN and the AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR

Chronology of Events Surrounding Spain’s Participation in the American Revolutionary War by

Judge Butler, Sr. – SAR Site –

http://www.sar.org/mxssar/sphist.htm

Spain in the American Revolutionary War – Text – Links – Images – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War

Spain’s involvement in the American Revolutionary War – MAP – Links - By Judge Edward F. Butler, Sr. -

3 parts – Sons of the American Revolutionary War Site -

http://www.sar.org/mxssar/spinvo-1.htm

Spain’s Role in the American Revolutionary War – Links – by Mildred Murry & Chuck Lampman –

American Revolution Site -

http://www.americanrevolution.org/hispanic.html

Spain and the Independence of the United States – Book Review - Author – Dr. Tomas E. Chavez –

UNM Press Site -

http://www.unmpress.com/Book.php?id=6399

Spanish Patriots in the American Revolution – by Granville Hough PhD & H. C. Hough – Somo Primos Site –

http://www.somosprimos.com/hough/hough.htm

Bernardo de Galvez (1746-1786) – Biography – Las Culturas Site -

http://www.lasculturas.com/biographies/220-politicians/123-bernardo-de-galvez

Bernardo de Galvez (1746-1786) – Text – Biography – Utexas Site –

http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/fga10.html

Bernado de Galvez – Biography - Images – Latin American Studies Site -

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/bernardo-galvez.htm

Spain & Cuba in the Independence of the US – Guaracabuya Site –

http://www.amigospais-guaracabuya.org/oagoo003.php

Revolutionary War – Pensacola FL – Text – Illustrations by Frank Howard – Little Town Mart Site –

http://www.littletownmart.com/fdh/pensacola-war.htm

~ SPAIN and the AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR ~ SPAIN ~

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

Spanish American War – Text – Photos – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-American_War

Spanish American War – Text – Links – Photos - Library of Congress Site -

http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/

The Spanish American War – Photos – Links - Centennial Web Site -

http://www.spanamwar.com/

Centennial of the Spanish American War – Text – Pictures – Links –

By Lincoln Cushing – Zpub Site -

http://www.zpub.com/cpp/saw.html

Crucible of Empire – the Spanish American War – Text – Links – PBS Site –

http://www.pbs.org/crucible/

~ SPANISH AMERICAN WAR ~ SPAIN ~

SPANISH LANGUAGE

Spanish is the Second Most Spoken Language in the World in 22 Countries Of the World –

US MAP – 392 Million Spanish Speakers – Spanish Master Site –

http://www.spanishmaster.com/SpanishMaster/WhySpanish/WhySpanish.html

Spanish Speaking Countries – MAP – Statistics of Countries –

http://www.unisa.ac.za/Default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=2016

Spanish Language in the United States – Text – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_in_the_United_States

New Mexico Bilingual Education –

http://www.nmabe.net/

Demographic Profile of Hispanics in the US – Text - Graphs - NM highest per-cent of Hispanics, 42% -

PRCDC Site –

http://www.clients.prc.sprocketlogic.com/files/DemographicProfileofHispanics.pdf

MAP of Spanish Origin in the United States – U Oregon Site -

http://ssil.uoregon.edu/geog410/topicimages/topic7/spanish.jpg

~ Spanish Language ~ SPAIN ~

World Catholic Population

Worldwide Catholic Population raises to 1.166 billion – Feb. 2, 2010 – Catholic Culture

http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=5516

What percentage of the world population are Catholic?

http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=5516

“More than 90% of Spanish Speaking World is Roman Catholic” – Scroll to: Religions

(throughout the U.S.) – Article with links – WMG Site -

http://www.wgm.org/page.aspx?pid=4102

Understanding the Hispanic Culture – Text by Ann W. Clutter & Ruben D. Nieto

Scroll to Rituals & Religion – OSU Site -

http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5237.html

Religious Bodies of the World with at Least One Million Adherents – Lists of Various Religions, with

Population Numbers – Adherents Site -

http://www.adherents.com/adh_rb.html#InterestingFacts

~ World Catholic Population ~ SPAIN ~

Spanish Money

The First Coins of the Americas – History Article by Raymond F. Hanisco – Bella Online Site -

http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art40942.asp

Spanish-American Colonial Coinage – Text – Coin Site -

http://www.coinsite.com/content/Articles/Spanish.asp

A Coin Called Peso – Text – Photos - Miguel L. Munoz NLG – Chicago Coin Club Site -

http://www.chicagocoinclub.org/projects/PiN/ccp.html

U.S. Coin History – Text – Images – Links –

http://www.us-coin-values-advisor.com/colonial-times.html

History of the U.S. Dollar – Text – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_dollar

The Economy of New Spain – Reference to Zacatecas Silver Mines (1546-1548) –

Gold & Silver Coins milled at Mexico City – Text – Links - Mex Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/dpalfrey/dpcolonial3.html

The Mexican Mint – Established 1535 – Text – Mazatlan Site –

http://www.mazatlan.com.mx/store/libertad%20coin.htm

~ Spanish Money ~ SPAIN ~

Spanish Highways

El Camino Real from Veracruz to Mexico City – Text – MAPS – Photos – by John Todd, Jr. –

http://www.johntoddjr.com/15%20Camino%20Real/elcaminoreal.htm

North America’s First Highway – “Camino Real de Terra Adentro” – Mexico City to Santa Fe” –

Text by Blanca Alemant & Rebecca Blancarte – El Paso Community College –

http://www.epcc.edu/ftp/Homes/monicaw/borderlands/17_americas_first_highway.htm

Camino Real de Terra Adentro – Historical drawings – MAP – MSU Site -

http://history.missouristate.edu/jchuchiak/Webpage%20Images/spanish_colonial_roads.htm

El Camino Real – Spanish Trails - Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Camino_Real

El Camino Real or Royal Road, the spine of the colonial road system in New Mexico

Text – MAP – Geo Mexico Site –

http://geo-mexico.com/?p=2214

Camino Real – Route from San Diego to Sonoma – Linked 21 Missions, Pueblos & 4 Presidios –

Text – Links – MAP – CA Highways Site –

http://www.cahighways.org/elcamino.html

Camino Real – Old San Antonio Road – Text – Links – UTexas Site –

http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/OO/exo4.html

El Camino East/West Corridor – From Brunswick GA to El Paso TX – Text with Photos – MAP -

http://elcaminocorridor.org/

El Camino Real de los Tejas – MAP – Text – Links – From Natchitoches LA, west to Old Mexico

(Hwy 6 LA & Hwy 21 TX) – El Camino Real TX Site -

http://www.elcaminorealtx.com/

~ Spanish Highways ~ SPAIN ~