Mexico

MEXICO

Links: ~ MEXICO TODAY ~ Mexico History ~ America’s Cradle of Civilization ~ THE AZTECS: ( TENOCHITITLAN ~

Montezuma Xocoyotl II ~ Aztec Calendar & Mathematics ~ Aztec Codices ~ Nahuatl Languages ) ~ Conquistadors ~

Colonial Mexico ~ Culture & Society of Mexico ~ Mexican Cities With Connections to Northern NM:

( Alcapulo ~ Chihuhua ~ Mexico City ~ Veracruz ~ Zacatecas ) ~ Grown in the Americas: ~ (Chili Peppers ~

Chocolate ~ Cochineal Red Dye ~ History of Corn ~ Tomatoes~ Potatoes) ~

~ MEXICO ~ STATE OF NEW MEXICO ~ 4 CORNERS SW USA ~

MEXICO TODAY

Mexico – Text – Photos – Links – Wikipedia site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico

Mexico Online – Directory - Many Links to Mexico –

http://www.mexonline.com/websites.htm

Mexico Connect – Electronic Magazine all about Mexico -

http://www.mexconnect.com/

MAPS of Mexico – Links –

http://www.maps-of-mexico.com/

Mexican Government – Links – MX Online Site -

http://www.mexonline.com/mexagncy.htm

Mexico Connects Photo & MAP Gallery – Many Links – MX Connect Site -

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/photo.html

~ MEXICO TODAY ~ MEXICO ~

Mexico History

Link: America’s Cradle of Civilization

Mexico History – Timeline overview as compared to the world – Many Links - MX Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history.html

A Brief Snapshot of Mexican History – Mexico Connect Site -

http://www.mexconnect.com/business/mex2000history.html

"Land of the Fifth Sun” - Links -Mexico in Space & Time by Vincent H. Malmstrom –

An E-Book in Historical Geography –

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/LFS_Title%20Page.htm

Mexico City History –

http://www.mexicocity-guide.com/history.htm

~ MEXICO TODAY ~ MEXICO ~

America’s Cradle of Civilization

Caral, oldest city in the Americas - Ancient Peru – Article & Photos – Links – Thomas H Maugh II -

LA Times – s8int Site –

http://www.s8int.com/sophis16.html

Caral, oldest city in the Americas – Text with Links –Wikipedia Site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caral

Oldest Civilization in the Americas Revealed – Article by Charles C. Mann – Photos - PDF Site – Long Download -

http://www.charlesmann.org/articles/Norte-chico-Science-01-05.pdf#search=’oldest%20civilization%20%20caral’

American Indian Spirituality – Text – I M Purple Hawk Site -

http://impurplehawk.com/naspirit.html

First Nation’s Site Index – Man Links – Dick Shovel site –

http://www.dickshovel.com/www.html

North, South & Central American Documents – Links to Essays – The 4^th World Documentation Project –

CWIS Site –

http://www.cwis.org/americas.html#s_amer

~ America’s Cradle of Civilization ~ Mexico History ~ MEXICO ~

THE AZTECS

THE LAST GREAT INDIGENOUS CIVILIZATION

Links: ~ TENOCHITITLAN ~ Montezuma Xocoyotl II ~ Aztec Calendar & Mathematics ~

Aztec Codices ~ Nahuatl Languages ~ ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Historica Prehispanica – Casa de Mexico Site –

http://www.casademexico.com/prehispanica.html

Aztec Civilization – Image of the Sunstone Calendar – Text - By Mark Becker – Truman State U MO Site -

http://www2.truman.edu/~marc/webpages/nativesp99/aztecs/aztec_template.html

“Are You Related To The Aztecs?” by John P. Schmal – Mexico Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/jpschmal/jpsaztecs.html

Aztecs – Nahaatl – Tenochtitlan – Links – UMN Deluth Site -

http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/maaztec.html

Law in Mexico before the Conquest – Links – U Texas Site -

http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/rare/aztec/Home.htm

Pre-Columbian Medicine: Historical Sources – National Library of Medicine –

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/pdf/precolumbian.pdf

Excavations at Aztec Peasant Sites – Dr. Michael Smith – Univ. Albany, State Univ. NY -

http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/rural.html

~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

TENOCHTITLAN

Tenochtitlan, Ancient City – Text – Photos – Links – Wikipedia Site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan

Drawings – MAP – The City of Tenochtitlan, 1519 – Missouri State Site –

http://clio.missouristate.edu/chuchiak/HSt%20350--Theme%209--City_of_tenochtitlan.htm

Imperial City of the Aztecs: Mexico Tenochtitlan – MAP – Text - by Inga Clendinnen –

http://www.common-place.org/vol-03/no-04/mexico-city/

The Conquest of Mexico – by Peter Rashkin, Herschel Sarnoff & Dana Bagdasarian –

Links – Text – Photos – The Dagger Site –

http://1400ml.com/thedagger/archive/conquest/cempoala.html

The Final Conquest & Siege of Tenochtitlan –(1519-1521) – Text – MX Connect Site -

http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/1538-the-spanish-conquest-1519-1521

The Siege of Tenochtitlan – Text – Links – Images – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Tenochtitlan

The Aztec Account of the Spanish Conquest of Mexico – Text –Amberergris Caye Site -

http://ambergriscaye.com/pages/mayan/aztec.html

~ TENOCHTITLAN ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Montezuma Xocoyotl II

The Tragedy of Montezuma II – Text – by Jim Tuck - MX Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/jtuck/jtmoctezuma2.html

Montezuma Xocoyotl II – Text – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Demi82

~ Montezuma Xocoyotl II ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Aztec Calendar & Mathematics

Eagle Glyph & the Sun Stone - Text with Photos – Time Star Site -

http://www.timestar.org/a-eagle.htm

History of Mathematics in Central and South America

http://mtcs.truman.edu/~thammond/history/IndigenousCentralAndSouthAmerica.html

A brief history of “Zero” The Babylonians using “zero” 200-300 BC, the Mayans 4 AD –

Media Tinker Site -

http://www.mediatinker.com/blog/archives/008821.html

Mayan Mathematics – Text – MAP – Charts – Links – GAP Site -

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Mayan_mathematics.html

~ Aztec Calendar & Mathematics ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Aztec Codices

Aztec Books, Documents, Writing –

http://www.azteca.net/aztec/nahuatl/writing.html

Aztec Codices – Ancient scripts Site -

http://www.ancientscripts.com/aztec.html

~ Aztec Codices ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Nahuatl Languages

Nahuatl Family – Nahuatl (Aztec, Mexican) – Text – Many Links – SIL International Site -

http://www.sil.org/MEXICO/nahuatl/00i-nahuatl.htm

Nahuatl Language – Text with Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahuatl_language

~ Nahuatl Languages ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

CONQUISTADORS

Conquistadors – Text – Links - PBS Site –

http://www.pbs.org/opb/conquistadors/mexico/mexico.htm

Conquistadors – Text with Links – Wilipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquistadors

The Spanish Invasion – Text – Links – Learner Site –

http://www.learner.org/biographyofamerica/prog01/transcript/page03.html

The Conquest of Mexico – by Peter Rashkin, The Dagger Site -

http://thedagger.com/archive/conquest/conquest1.html

Hernando Cortez – Text with Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s

American Conquest – Info about the Spanish Conquistadors – Florida History Text by Donald

Sheppard, Art by Cheryl Lucente –Links – Images – MAPS - FL History Site –

http://www.floridahistory.com/start.html

Slavery a la Mexicana - Text by Shep Lenchek – Mex Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slslavery.html

~ CONQUISTADORS ~ THE AZTECS ~ MEXICO ~

Colonial Mexico

The Settlement of New Spain - Mexico’s Colonial Era – Text – Links - MX Connect Site

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/dpalfrey/dpcolonial1.html

Colonial Cities of Mexico – Large Travel Photos with Text – Links - by Galen R. Frysinger – Long Download

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/mexico_colonial_cities.htm

Colonial Mexican Architecture – Photos –

http://www.colonial-estates.pvoss.de/mexico-historical-haciendas.htm

Colonial Administration – Text – Country Studies Site –

http://www.country-studies.com/mexico/colonial-administration.html

Mexico’s Colonial Government Successful Failure – Text – Shep Lenchek – MX Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slcolonialfailure.html

Mexico, the Conquest – History –

http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/mexico2.htm

History of Colonial Mexico – Article “Down From Colonialism: Mexico's 19th Century Crisis” –

by Jamie Rodriquez O – Historical Text Archive Site -

http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=528

Religion & Society in New Spain – MX Colonial Era – Text –Links – MX Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/dpalfrey/dpcolonial2.html

Highland Silver Mining Cities - Finding the Real Spirit of Old Colonial Mexico – Text – Link to Zacatecas -

Epinions Site -

http://www.epinions.com/content_4241727620

~ Colonial Mexico ~ MEXICO ~

CULTURE & SOCIETY OF MEXICO

Mexico Culture & Art – Mexico Online Site -

http://www.mexonline.com/cultart.htm

Culture of Mexico – Text – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Mexico

Origins of Mexican Dances –

http://www.barraganzone.com/mexicandances.html

History of the Mariachi – Text – Links - Mariachi Site –

http://www.mariachi.org/history.html

A Bull Fight in Mexico – Large Photos with Text – Links – by Galen R. Frysinger –

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/bull_fight.htm

~ CULTURE & SOCIETY OF MEXICO ~ MEXICO ~

MEXICAN CITIES

WITH CONNECTIONS TO NORTHERN NM

Links: ALCAPULO ~ CHIHUAHUA ~ MEXICO CITY ~ VERACRUZ ~ ZACATECAS ~

~ MEXICO ~

Acapulco, Mexico Link to SPAIN

CHIHUAHUA

The State of Chihuahua – MAP – Photos – Links - Mex Connect Site –

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/chihuahua/chihuahuaindex.html

Chihuahua, Chihuahua – Demographics – Photos, Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chihuahua,_Chihuahua

Chihuahua the City – Large Travel Photos with Text – by Galen R. Frysinger –

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/chihuahua.htm

Brief History of Ojinaga (Chihuahua) “Pearl of the Desert” –

http://ojinaga.com/Peguis/history/history.html -

~ Chihuahua ~ Mexican Cities With Connections to Northern NM ~ MEXICO ~

MEXICO CITY

Mexico City – Links –

http://visitmexico.com/en-us/mexico-city

All About Mexico City – Text – Photos – Links –

http://www.allaboutmexicocity.com/

Mexico City, Mexico – Demographics, Text, Images – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_city

~ Mexico City ~ Mexican Cities with Connections to Northern NM ~ MEXICO ~

VERACRUZ MEXICO

Veracruz, Veracruz – Text – Photos – Links - MAPS- Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veracruz,_Veracruz

Veracruz History – Text – Photos – Links – John Todd Jr. Site –

http://www.johntoddjr.com/03%20indexhist.html

The State of Veracruz Index – Photos – Text – Links – Mex Connect site -

http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/veracruz/veracruzindex.html

Mexico MAPS – Mexico US Site –

http://www.mexico.us/map.htm

A Panaoramic MAP of Veracruz, by John Todd, Jr.

http://www.johntoddjr.com/50%20Vermaps/vermaps.htm

Veracruz – “It’s the take off point for the greatest transfer of wealth in the History of Mankind” -

History with Photos – Many Relevant Links – John Todd Jr. Site –

http://www.johntoddjr.com/03%20indexhist.html

The First Veracruz – Quiahiztlan/Villa Rica – 1519-1523 – History with Photos – MAP –

John Todd Jr. Site -

http://www.johntoddjr.com/01%20Quiahuiztlan/quiahuiztlan0.html

Antigua – The Second Veracruz - 1523-1636 – “For 300 years, Antigua was the only Official Port of Entry

& Exit point from Mexico” – Photos & Information – John Todd Jr. Site -

http://www.johntoddjr.com/02%20Antigua/antigua0.html

The Third Veracruz San Juan de Ulua – 1635-1825 – Text – Photos –MAP – John Todd Jr. Site –

http://www.johntoddjr.com/06%20Veracruz/veracruz0.html

~ Veracruz ~ Mexican Cities with Connections to Northern NM ~ MEXICO ~

ZACATECAS

Zacatecas MX

http://www.zacatecas.com/

Zacatecas, The City of Silver – Our Mexico Site –

http://www.ourmexico.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=105&catid=34:travel&Itemid=81

Zacatecas – Text – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas

Growth Through Silver – Zacatecas History –“ Zacatecas Silver Belt, most prolific silver producers in the World” –

Mining for over 500 years –

http://www.nafinance.com/Listed_Co/English/Source_e.htm

Zacatecas Silver Mines – Text with MAP – Impact Silver Site -

http://www.impactsilver.com/s/Zacatecas.asp

~ Zacatecas ~ Mexican Cities with Connections to Northern NM ~ MEXICO ~

GROWN IN THE AMERICAS

Links: ~ Chili Peppers ~ Chocolate ~ Cochineal Red Dye ~ History of Corn ~ Tomatoes ~ Potatoes ~

~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

Foods Native to the Americas –

http://www.efn.org/~sundance/NativeFoods.html

Moctezuma’s Table –Essay by Amalia Mesa-Bains

http://www.artco.org/sa/briseno/briseno5.html

A Thumbnail History of Mexican Food – Text – Backward Yard Nature Site -

http://www.backyardnature.net/m/food/foodhist.htm

History of Traditional Mexican Food: The Evolution & History of Mexican Cuisine -

http://www.divinedinnerparty.com/history-of-traditional-mexican-food.html

Foods that changed the world – Steven R. King Ph.D. Text –

http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/Ethnobotany/page5.php

~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

Chili Peppers

Peppers: History & Exploitation of a Serendipitous New Crop Discovery – Text by W. Hardy Eshbaugh –

US Hot Stuff Site –

http://ushotstuff.com/history.htm

Garden Pepper, Both a Vegetable & a Condiment –

http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/pepper.html

New Mexico Chili –

http://www.nmchili.com/chili_history.htm

~ Chili Peppers ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

CHOCOLATE

The Lore and History of Chocolate – Latin America - By Kathleen Jenks PhD. Many Chocolate Links

http://www.mythinglinks.org/ip~cacao.html

The History of Chocolate – Text – Links - by Jack Weatherford –

http://xocoatl.org/history.htm

Chocolate Recipes by Godiva Chocolatier –

http://www.godiva.com/recipes/default.aspx

~ Chocolate ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

Cochineal Red Dye

Cochineal – Red Dye – ranked next to gold & silver

as an export from the Americas -

Red Scales in the Sunset – “Next to gold, cochineal was the most desired Import from Middle America –

UCLA Site -

http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Cochineal/

The Bug That Changed History by Jeff Behan

http://www.gcrg.org/bqr/8-2/bug.htm

Cochineal – Text – Links Wikipedia Site -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochineal

Maya Dye & the great tax dodge – Text by Dr. Herman Smith - Ambergris Caye Belize Site -

http://ambergriscaye.com/museum/digit7.html

Textiles & Weaving in Mexico – Cochineal Process - Large Photos with Text – Links - by Galen R. Frysinger

http://www.galenfrysinger.com/dying_and_weaving.htm

~ Cochneal Red Dye ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

History of Corn

Hopi The Corn People – Test - View Zone Site -

http://www.viewzone.com/day5a.html

Mything Links – The Lore & History of Maize – by Kathleen Jenks PhD. Many Mythology Links

http://www.mythinglinks.org/ip~maize.html

Evolution of Maize Agriculture – Text – Images Links – Native Tech Site –

http://www.nativetech.org/cornhusk/cornhusk.html

Planting a “Three Sisters” Garden – Info – Native Tech Site –

http://www.nativetech.org/cornhusk/threesisters.html

~ History of Corn ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

TOMATOES

Tomato – Text Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato

Tomato History –

http://www.theworldwidegourmet.com/products/articles/tomato-history/

How to grow a Tomato Plant –

http://www.wikihow.com/Grow-a-Tomato-Plant

History of the Tomato – Video – e-how Site –

http://www.ehow.com/video_4755654_history-tomato.html

~ Tomatoes ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~

POTATOES

Potato – Text – Photos – Links – Wikipedia Site –

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato

The Impact of the Potato – Text – Links - by Jeff Chapman – History Magazine Site –

http://www.history-magazine.com/potato.html

Potatos – Article – The Cambridge World History of Food –

http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/potatoes.htm

“Potato’s Past” - Text – San Luis Hills Farm Site -

http://www.slhfarm.com/papahistory.html

~ Potatoes ~ GROWN IN THE AMERICAS ~ MEXICO ~